4A — Possessive adjectives & possessive ’s

1. A. Possessive adjectives

We use possessive adjectives to show who owns or is connected to something.

They are placed before a noun, not alone.

Subject	Possessive Adjectives	Example
I	My	My phone is new.
You (singular)	Your	Your name is on the list.
He	His	His brother lives here.
She	Her	Her coat is black.
It	Its	The school is old. Its walls are white.
We	Our	Our class starts at nine.
You (plural)	Your	Your seats are over there.
They	Their	Their house is very big.

B. It’s vs its

These two forms sound the same but have different meanings.

• it’s = it is
  It’s a busy street.
• its = possessive adjective
  Its shops are very popular.

C. Possessive ’s

We use ’s to show possession with people, names, family members, and animals.

• This is Emma’s book.
• He is David’s father.
• That is the dog’s bowl.

Plural nouns:

• If a plural noun ends in -s, we add ’ only.
• My friends’ bags are here.

D. ’s = is or possession?

• She’s late → she is
• Lucy’s room is clean → possession

The meaning depends on the sentence, not the form.

Quiz 1

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4B — Adjectives

A. Adjectives after be

We use adjectives after the verb be to describe something.

• The exam is easy.
• Their children are happy.

B. Adjectives before nouns

We use adjectives before a noun when the noun is mentioned.

• It’s a cheap hotel.
• She has a new laptop.

C. Adjectives do not change

Adjectives:

• do not change for plural nouns
• do not change for male or female

• an old house / two old houses
• He is tall / She is tall