A1 Grammar Lesson 10
UNIT 10 – Grammar Rules
10A — There’s a… / There are some…
1. Affirmative (Positive Sentences)
We use there is and there are to talk about the existence of something in a place.
The Form:
There + is + a/an + singular noun
There + are + some / a lot of / two… + plural noun
Examples:
- There’s a mirror on the wall.
- There is a dictionary in my bag.
- There are some magazines on the table.
- There are three students in the class.
2. Negative
To make negative sentences, we add not after is / are.
The Form:
There + isn’t + a/an + singular noun
There + aren’t + any + plural noun
Examples:
- There isn’t a mirror in the bathroom.
- There isn’t a book on my desk.
- There aren’t any towels in the cupboard.
- There aren’t any apples in the fridge.
3. Questions
To make questions, we put is / are at the beginning.
The Form:
Is + there + a/an + singular noun…?
Are + there + any + plural noun…?
Examples:
- Is there a towel in the bathroom? → Yes, there is / No, there isn’t.
- Is there a toilet on this floor? → Yes, there is / No, there isn’t.
- Are there any clean glasses? → Yes, there are / No, there aren’t.
- Are there any books here? → Yes, there are / No, there aren’t.
✔ Use “some” in positive sentences:
- There are some chairs on the balcony.
- There are some postcards on the desk.
- There aren’t any pillows on the sofa.
- Are there any free tables?
Quiz 1
10B — Past Simple: was / were
We use was / were to describe past states, situations, or actions.
- I was at the party last night.
- They were in Paris two weeks ago.
1. Affirmative
| Subject | Be | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | was |
She was tired yesterday. It was sunny in the morning. |
| You / We / They | were |
We were at the concert. You were late again! |
2. Negative
| Subject | Be | Example |
|---|---|---|
| I / He / She / It | wasn’t |
She wasn’t happy yesterday. It wasn’t rainy in the morning. |
| You / We / They | weren’t |
We weren’t at the party. You weren’t late yesterday. |
3. Questions
| Be | Subject | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Was | I / He / She / It |
Was he at home? Was she absent yesterday? |
| Were | You / We / They |
Were they happy? Were you at the meeting yesterday? |
✔ Past of “there is / there are”:
- There was (singular): There was a birthday party.
- There were (plural): There were many people.
✔ Common time expressions:
- Yesterday, last night, last week, last month, last year
- This morning, two days ago, in 2020
