A2 Grammar Lesson 5
Unit 5 – Grammar Rules
5A – can / can’t
Form:
We use can / can’t + verb (infinitive).
| Subject | Positive | Negative |
|---|---|---|
| I / you / he / she / it / they / we | can swim | can’t swim |
Important
- The form of can / can’t is the same for all subjects.
- ✔ He can drive.
- ✘ He cans drive.
- We don’t use “to” after can.
- ✔ I can help.
- ✘ I can to help.
- can’t = cannot
Meanings of can / can’t
1. Ability
- I can swim. (= I know how.)
- She can play the piano.
- He can’t cook.
2. Possibility
- I can meet you today. (= it’s possible)
- We can’t come tomorrow.
3. Permission
- You can sit here. (= it’s OK)
- You can’t park here. (= it’s not allowed)
4. Requests
- Can you help me?
- Can I use your phone?
Questions & short answers
- Can you drive? → Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
- Can she come? → Yes, she can. / No, she can’t.
Quiz 1
5B – present continuous
Use
We use the present continuous for:
- actions happening now
- actions happening around now
- temporary situations
Examples
- It’s raining.
- I’m talking to my teacher.
- She’s working from home this week.
Form:
Positive
| Subject | Be | Verb -ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | am | working |
| You | are | listening |
| He / She / It | is | sleeping |
| We | are | studying |
| They | are | waiting |
Negative
| Subject | Be + not | Verb -ing |
|---|---|---|
| I | am not | working |
| You | aren’t | listening |
| He / She / It | isn’t | sleeping |
| We | aren’t | studying |
| They | aren’t | waiting |
Questions & short answers
| Wh-word | Be | Subject | Verb -ing | Short Answer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| What | are | you | doing? | |
| Are | they | watching TV? | Yes, they are. / No, they aren’t. | |
| Is | he | studying? | Yes, he is. / No, he isn’t. |
Spelling rules (verb + -ing)
| Verb | -ing Form | Rule |
|---|---|---|
| Work | Working | Just add -ing |
| Read | Reading | |
| Write | Writing | Finish with -e, delete -e, add -ing |
| Make | Making | |
| Run | Running | Finish with consonant + vowel + consonant, double the last consonant, and add -ing |
| Swim | Swimming |
Quiz 2
5C – present simple or present continuous?
Present simple
We use it for:
- routines and habits
- things that are always true
Examples:
- I work in an office.
- She usually wakes up early.
- It often rains in winter.
Present continuous
We use it for:
- things happening now
- things happening around now
Examples:
- I’m working from home today.
- She’s studying for her exams this month.
Compare
- What do you do? (= your job)
- What are you doing? (= now)
