1A – Present simple of be (positive) & subject pronouns

Subject pronouns + be (positive)

We use the verb be (am / is / are) with subject pronouns to talk about who someone is, what something is, or basic information.

Rules & Examples

1. Contractions

A contraction shortens two words into one using ’.

We often use contractions in speaking and informal writing.

Examples:

• I’m ready.
• She’s my sister.
• They’re at home.

2. Subject pronouns are always used with verbs

We do not say a verb alone.

Examples:

• ✔ It’s late. ❌ Is late
• ✔ You’re tired. ❌ Are tired
• ✔ We’re students. ❌ Are students

3. Capital letters

• I is always capital.
• Other pronouns are capitalized only at the start of a sentence.

Examples:

• I’m happy.
• He’s my teacher.
• She’s from Italy.

4. Meaning of pronouns

• you = one person or more than one person
• he = a man
• she = a woman
• it = a thing or place
• they = people or things

Quiz 1

1B – Present simple of be (negative & questions)

Negative form

We make negatives by adding not after be.

Examples:

• I’m not tired.
• She isn’t from Canada.
• They aren’t students.

Question form & short answers

In questions, am / is / are comes before the subject.

Quiz 2

1C – Possessive adjectives

Possessive adjectives

We use possessive adjectives to show ownership.

Examples:

• My name is Omar.
• Her phone is new.
• Their house is big.

Rules & Examples

1. Possessive adjectives don’t change

They stay the same with singular or plural nouns.

• Our teacher
• Our teachers

2. his / her / its

• his = for a man → His bag is blue.
• her = for a woman → Her bag is blue.
• its = for a thing → Its door is open.

3. it’s vs its

• it’s = it is → It’s cold today. (It is)
• its = possessive → Its color is black. (Possessive)

Quiz 3