6A – Present Simple with he, she, it

1. Positive Sentences

When we talk about what other people do (he, she, it), we add -s to the verb in the present simple.

The Form:

Subject + Verb (s) + …

Subject	Verb (S)	Complement
He	works	in a shop.
She	plays	the piano.
It	eats	at noon.

Spelling rules for he/she/it

1. Add -s

Verb	Verb (s)	Rule
drive	drives	Just add -s
work	works
help	helps

2. Add -es

Verb	Verb (s)	Rule
watch	watches	verbs ending in -ch, -sh, -ss, -x, -o → add -es
wash	washes
miss	misses
fix	fixes
go	goes

3. Change y → ies

Verb	Verb (s)	Rule
study	studies	consonant + y → ies
play	plays	vowel + y → just add -s

4. Special case

Verb	Verb (s)	Note
have	has	changes to “has” with he/she/it

2. Negative Sentences

To make negative sentences with he, she, it, use doesn’t + base verb.

The Form:

Subject + does not (doesn’t) + Verb + …

Subject	Does not	Verb	Complement
He	doesn’t	like	fish.
She	doesn’t	have	tea in the morning.
It	doesn’t	rain	a lot here.

3. Question Sentences

To make questions, use does at the beginning.

The Form:

Does + Subject + Verb + …?

Does	Subject	Verb	Answer
Does	he	live in Berlin?	Yes, he does / No, he doesn’t.
Does	she	have lunch here?	Yes, she does / No, she doesn’t.
Does	it	rain here a lot?	Yes, it does / No, it doesn’t.

Quiz 1

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6B – Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs like always, usually, sometimes, never tell us how often something happens.

Adverb	Example
always	I always drink water.
usually	He usually finishes at 5.
sometimes	She sometimes watches TV.
never	We never eat fast food.

Always	Usually	Sometimes	Never
100%	80%	40%	0%

📌 Position of adverbs

1. Before the main verb:

• They usually have lunch at 2.
• They always wake up late.
• We never have lunch together.
• I don’t usually listen to music in the evening.

2. After verb “be”:

• He is always tired.
• I am never busy at the weekend.
• We are always free in the morning.